{"id":648,"date":"2008-11-22T17:35:50","date_gmt":"2008-11-22T21:35:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/?p=648"},"modified":"2009-10-10T20:12:55","modified_gmt":"2009-10-11T00:12:55","slug":"%e5%be%b7%e5%a7%86%e5%a1%9e%e8%8c%a8%e6%89%b9%e8%af%84%e7%a7%91%e6%96%af%e5%ae%9a%e5%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/?p=648","title":{"rendered":"[\u66f4\u65b0] \u5fb7\u59c6\u585e\u8328\u6279\u8bc4\u79d1\u65af\u5b9a\u5f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u90a3\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u660e\u660e\u662f\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff1f\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6210\u672c\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u5e02\u573a\u624d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u5fb7\u59c6\u585e\u8328\u6f14\u8bb2\u89c6\u9891\u89c1\u8fd9\u91cc<\/a>\uff08\u4f4e\u89e3\u50cf\u5df2\u8db3\u591f\u6e05\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u59c6\u585e\u8328\u6279\u8bc4\u79d1\u65af\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u859b\u5146\u4e30
\n2008\u5e7411\u670818\u65e5<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u59c6\u585e\u8328\uff08Harold Demsetz\uff09\u572813\u548c14\u65e5\u56de\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u6821\u897f\u5317\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u53c2\u52a0\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u665a\u9910\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e3b\u9898\u53d1\u8a00\u3002\u53d1\u8a00\u662f\u7ec6\u5fc3\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u3002\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u548c\u641e\u6c14\u6c1b\uff0c\u8f6c\u5165\u6b63\u9898\u540e\u5fb7\u59c6\u585e\u8328\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u5e87\u53e4\uff08A. C. Pigou\uff09\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e24\u6761\u516c\u8def\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u662f\u7a84\u7684\u8fd1\u8def\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u662f\u5bbd\u7684\u8fdc\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u8fdb\u51fa\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u4f1a\u8fc7\u4efd\u62e5\u6324\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5206\u6d41\u5b89\u6392\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u3002\u7136\u540e\u662f\u5948\u7279\uff08Frank Knight\uff09\u3002\u5948\u7279\u57281924\u5e74\u7684 Some Fallacies in the Interpretation of Social Cost \u91cc\u4f5c\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u5948\u7279\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u90a3\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u662f\u6709\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u5e87\u53e4\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5230\u4e86\u79d1\u65af\uff08Ronald Coase\uff09\u3002\u79d1\u65af\u5199\u4e86FCC\uff08\u8054\u90a6\u8d38\u6613\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff09\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8bf4\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u9891\u8c31\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e3b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u62e5\u6324\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u79d1\u65af\u6587\u7ae0\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5948\u7279\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u4f8b\u5b50\u800c\u5df2\u3002
\n\u00a0
\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u79d1\u65af\uff0c\u8bf7\u79d1\u65af\u5230\u6234\u7ef4\u5fb7\uff08A. Director\uff09\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u665a\u4e0a\u628a\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bf4\u670d\u4e86\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u79d1\u65af\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u9646\u7eed\u7ed9\u6234\u7ef4\u5fb7\u5bc4\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u7ae0\u65b0\u7684\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\uff0c\u79d1\u65af\u5b8c\u5168\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u539f\u6765\u5948\u7279\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u79d1\u65af\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\uff08transaction cost\uff09\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u4f1a\u7528\u5728\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7528\u9014\u4e0a\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u65b9\u5c31\u4ea7\u6743\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u7ea0\u7eb7\uff0c\u5230\u6cd5\u9662\u90a3\u91cc\u62ff\u5230\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u5b98\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5224\u7ed9\u7528\u9014\u4ef7\u503c\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7531\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u626d\u8f6c\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u8f6c\u5411\u4ef7\u503c\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u79d1\u65af\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u5931\u8d25\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u6548\u7528\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u6211\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u660e\u660e\u662f\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u505a\u9519\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e5f\u53eb\u505a\u5e02\u573a\u5931\u8d25\uff1f\u6cd5\u5b98\u5224\u9519\u4e86\u5c31\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u592a\u9ad8\u4e0d\u80fd\u626d\u8f6c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u626d\u8f6c\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6210\u672c\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u5e02\u573a\u624d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u6211\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u4e0d\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u6240\u8c13\u5916\u90e8\u6548\u7528\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u8ddf\u6211\u5546\u91cf\u8fc7\u518d\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e48\u5199\u4e86\u2026\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5fb7\u59c6\u585e\u8328\u6240\u6307\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u79d1\u65af\u5728\u5176\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u5730\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u4f4e\u6548\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

In these conditions [of positive transaction] the initial delimitation of legal rights does have an effect on the efficiency with which the economic system operates. One arrangement of rights may bring about a greater value of production than any other. But unless this is the arrangement of rights established by the legal system, the costs of reaching the same result by altering and combining rights through the market may be so great that this optimal arrangement of rights, and the greater value of production which it would bring, may never be achieved. \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd [\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u4e3a\u6b63\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5fb7\u59c6\u585e\u8328\u6ce8] \u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u754c\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u5229\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5b89\u6392\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4ea7\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u9664\u975e\u8fd9\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u6743\u5229\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u79fb\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u6743\u5229\u8fbe\u5230\u540c\u6837\u540e\u679c\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u8d39\u7528\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e8e\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u6743\u5229\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4ea7\u503c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5fb7\u59c6\u585e\u8328\u6574\u4e2a\u6f14\u8bb2\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u65b0\u4e66 From Economic Man to Economic System <\/em>\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u6574\u90e8\u65b0\u4e66\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4ea7\u6743\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u540e\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u6211\u65e9\u524d\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u963f\u5c14\u94a6\u4e0e\u5fb7\u59c6\u585e\u8328\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6bd4\u79d1\u65af\u7684\u201c\u66f4\u80dc\u4e00\u7b79\uff08\u859b\u5146\u4e30\u300a\u5546\u4e1a\u65e0\u8fb9\u754c<\/a>\u300b\u7b2c42-44\u9875\uff09\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec1972\u5e74\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5fb7\u59c6\u585e\u8328\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u65b0\u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4\u5f97\u66f4\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79d1\u65af\u95ee\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5f53\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u5927\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u7b49\u4e8e\u6ca1\u7b54\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u95ee\u8fc7\u201c\u5403\u8354\u679d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u4e0a\u706b\uff1f\u201d\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u627e\u5230\u7b54\u6848\u5730\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8354\u679d\u91cc\u9762\u542b\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u4f7f\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u5404\u79cd\u4e0a\u706b\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u201d\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5403\u8354\u679d\u4f1a\u4e0a\u706b\u3002<\/p>\n

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    \n
  1. \u5e02\u573a\u4ece\u4e0d\u5931\u7075<\/strong><\/font><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. Knight, Frank. 1924, \u201cSome Fallacies in the Interpretation of Social Cost.\u201d Quarterly Journal of Economics<\/em> 38: 582\u2013606.<\/li>\n
  3. Demsetz, Harold. 2008.\u00a0From Economic Man to Economic System: Essays on Human Behavior and the Institutions of Capitalism<\/em>, Cambridge University Press. \u00a0<\/li>\n
  4. Coase, Ronald H. 1960. The Problem of Social Cost. Journal of Law and Economics<\/em>, 3(I):1-44.<\/li>\n
  5. Alchian, Armen A. and Demsetz, Harold. “Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization.” The American Economic Review<\/em>, 1972, 62(5), pp. 777-95.<\/li>\n
  6. \u79d1\u65af\u7b49\u8457\uff0c1991\uff0c\u300a\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u2014\u2014\u4ea7\u6743\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e0e\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u5b66\u6d3e\u8bd1\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/li>\n
  7. \u5fb7\u59c6\u585e\u8328\u6f14\u8bb2\u89c6\u9891\u7a0d\u540e\u516c\u5e03\u3002<\/li>\n
  8. \u859b\u5146\u4e30\uff0c2008\uff0c\u300a\u5546\u4e1a\u65e0\u8fb9\u754c\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u300b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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