{"id":263,"date":"2007-05-18T22:08:37","date_gmt":"2007-05-19T02:08:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/?p=263"},"modified":"2007-11-12T23:45:49","modified_gmt":"2007-11-13T03:45:49","slug":"%e5%8f%8d%e5%9e%84%e6%96%ad%e7%a9%b6%e7%ab%9f%e8%a6%81%e5%8f%8d%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/?p=263","title":{"rendered":"\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u7a76\u7adf\u8981\u53cd\u4ec0\u4e48\uff08\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u4e13\u9898\u4e4b\u56db\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u8981\u5f15\u8fdb\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u89c6\u4e60\u60ef\u6cd5\u7cfb\u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u53ea\u662f\u642c\u5b57\u8fc7\u7eb8\uff0c\u628a\u4e2a\u522b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u56fa\u5316\uff0c\u6539\u5199\u6210\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\uff08statute law\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8349\u62df\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u4e0d\u5e94\u62b1\u6709\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u8005\u624d\u62b1\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u8d1f\uff0c\u8f7b\u6613\u52a8\u7528\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u539f\u5219\u201d\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u7a76\u7adf\u8981\u53cd\u4ec0\u4e48<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u859b\u5146\u4e30<br \/>\n2007\u5e745\u670821\u65e5\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c2\u5bdf\u62a5\u300b\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u201d\u4e13\u680f\u7cfb\u5217\uff08\u4e4b\u56db\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u8981\u8ba9\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4e3a\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e3a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\u548c\u5404\u56fd\u4eff\u6548\u8ba2\u7acb\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u7ade\u4e89\u6cd5\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u65e0\u53ef\u9002\u4ece\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u6cd5\u6848\u548c\u540e\u7eed\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u4e3b\u5ba1\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6848\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u8d1f\u8d23\u627f\u88ad\u7f8e\u56fd\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u4ecd\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4f01\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u4e0d\u786e\u77e5\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\u7a76\u7adf\u8981\u6253\u51fb\u54ea\u4e9b\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u662f\u81ea\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u786e\u77e5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1890\u5e747\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u538b\u5012\u591a\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6848\u662f\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u6e0a\u6e90\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u7eb7\u4e89\u90fd\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u6761\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u5951\u7ea6\u3001\u4ee5\u6258\u62c9\u65af\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8054\u5408\u6216\u5171\u8c0b\uff0c\u82e5\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u5dde\u9645\u6216\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u6216\u5546\u4e1a\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u201d \u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u201c\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u8d38\u6613\u6216\u5546\u4e1a\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff08in restraint of trade or commerce\uff09\u201d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u5784\u65ad\u6216\u4f01\u56fe\u5784\u65ad\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u3001\u5171\u8c0b\u5784\u65ad\u5dde\u9645\u6216\u56fd\u9645\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u201d\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u201c\u8fdb\u884c\u5784\u65ad\u6216\u4f01\u56fe\u5784\u65ad\uff08shall monopolize or attempt to monopolize\uff09\u201d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u9650\u5236\u8d38\u6613\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8fdb\u884c\u6216\u4f01\u56fe\u5784\u65ad\u201d\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u901e\u8bba\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u786e\u5207\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u4eec\u6ca1\u5199\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u61f5\u61f5\u61c2\u61c2\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u4eba\u5219\u5728\u5f80\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5728\u7ed9\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u8d4b\u4ee5\u8f83\u4e3a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u81f3\u4eca\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u5174\u8bbc\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b97\u6253\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u662f1895\u5e74\u5224\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7cd6\u7cbe\u70bc\u516c\u53f8\u6848\uff08The E. C. Knight Case\uff09\uff1b\u66f4\u8457\u540d\u7684\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u6807\u51c6\u77f3\u6cb9\u6848\uff08Standard Oil of NJ\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u57281911\u5e74\u7ec8\u5ba1\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b98\u53f8\u597d\u6b79\u5224\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5b98\u4eec\u7684\u5224\u8bcd\u66a7\u6627\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u4e1a\u754c\u5927\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u542b\u7cca\u7684\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u4e88\u4ee5\u6f84\u6e05\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u57281914\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u514b\u96f7\u987f\u6cd5\u6848\uff08Clayton Act\uff09\uff0c\u57281936\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u7f57\u5bbe\u68ee\u00b7\u5e15\u7279\u66fc\u6cd5\u6848\uff08Robinson-Patman Act\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u628a\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u7a76\u7adf\u8981\u53cd\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u514b\u96f7\u987f\u6cd5\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u56db\u79cd\u975e\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u4ef7\u683c\u6b67\u89c6\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u8fbe\u6210\u6346\u7ed1\u548c\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u5408\u7ea6\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u6536\u8d2d\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\uff1b\u548c\uff084\uff09\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4f01\u4e1a\u517c\u4efb\u7ecf\u7406\u3002\u5e15\u7279\u66fc\u6cd5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ec6\u5316\u4e86\u5bf9\u4ef7\u683c\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u7ee7\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u5219\u628a\u516c\u53f8\u5408\u5e76\u548c\u6536\u8d2d\u4e5f\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u52301940\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u9996\u6b21\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u539f\u5219\uff08per se rule\uff09\u201d\u6765\u5224\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5f53\u65f6\u6cd5\u5b98\u5f00\u59cb\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5c31\u80af\u5b9a\u8fdd\u53cd\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u5c5e\u201c\u9650\u5236\u8d38\u6613\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8fdb\u884c\u6216\u4f01\u56fe\u5784\u65ad\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u4ea4\u901a\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5730\uff0c\u95ef\u7ea2\u706f\u662f\u8fdd\u89c4\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u95ef\u4e86\u5c31\u662f\u8fdd\u89c4\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e0d\u670d\uff0c\u95f9\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e5f\u53ea\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u662f\u5426\u95ef\u4e86\u7ea2\u706f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u6301\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u7531\u8fdd\u89c4\uff0c\u90fd\u7b97\u8fdd\u89c4\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u539f\u5219\u201d\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7406\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff08rule of reason\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u88c1\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8fdd\u89c4\u6216\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u505a\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f97\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3001\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u540e\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u597d\u5904\u662f\u8282\u7701\u53f8\u6cd5\u6210\u672c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u2014\u2014\u6cd5\u5ead\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c11\u800c\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u5219\u514d\u53bb\u4e86\u4ee5\u8eab\u8bd5\u6cd5\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u82e5\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u548c\u6267\u6cd5\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7406\u636e\u5728\u4e8b\u524d\u5c31\u65ad\u5b9a\uff0c\u8981\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u5bb3\uff0c\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u6982\u7387\u4e0a\u80af\u5b9a\u5f0a\u5927\u4e8e\u5229\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u820d\u5f03\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u7406\u6027\u539f\u5219\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u53f8\u6cd5\u5f53\u5c40\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u6781\u5927\u5730\u51cf\u5f31\u4e86\u3002\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u5c06\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u5148\u70b9\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u53f8\u6cd5\u53f2\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u539f\u5219\u201d\u9010\u6b65\u88ab\u201c\u7406\u6027\u539f\u5219\u201d\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u53f2\u3002\u8fd9\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8fa9\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\u8981\u6253\u51fb\u7684\u9776\u5b50\u4e0d\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6e05\u6670\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u6548\u6cd5\u7f8e\u56fd\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u53ef\u56de\u907f\u7684\u8b66\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea1940\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u548c\u6267\u6cd5\u8005\u90fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u201c\u9650\u5236\u8d38\u6613\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4f01\u56fe\u5784\u65ad\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u6309\u201c\u8054\u90a6\u8d38\u6613\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6cd5\u6848\u201d\u7684\u63aa\u8f9e\uff0c\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ade\u4e89\u201d\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u52a0\u6df1\u548c\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9002\u7528\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u8fdd\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u4ef7\u683c\u9501\u5b9a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u5e02\u573a\u74dc\u5206\u201d\u3001\u201c\u62b5\u5236\u4ea4\u6613\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6346\u7ed1\u201d\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u5168\u90fd\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u81f3\u5c11\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u867d\u7136\u4ecd\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u8fdd\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5374\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u7406\u6027\u539f\u5219\u201d\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u4e8e\u8bf4\uff0c\u95ef\u7ea2\u706f\u80af\u5b9a\u8fdd\u89c4\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u95ef\u7ea2\u706f\u80af\u5b9a\u8fdd\u89c4\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u662f\u5426\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f97\u914c\u60c5\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u6837\u3002BMI\u516c\u53f8\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u7248\u6743\u6536\u53d6\u5212\u4e00\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8d39\uff0c\u57281979\u5e74\u88ab\u63a7\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u539f\u5219\u201d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u201c\u4ef7\u683c\u9501\u5b9a\u201d\u7f6a\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3BMI\u65e0\u7f6a\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5b83\u867d\u7136\u9501\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u624d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u4ef7\u683c\u9501\u5b9a\u80af\u5b9a\u8fdd\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u6848\u5b50\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u4ef7\u683c\u9501\u5b9a\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\u6446\u8131\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u539f\u5219\u201d\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u53e3\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u4ef7\u683c\u9501\u5b9a\u201d\u7684\u6848\u5b50\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u201c\u7406\u6027\u539f\u5219\u201d\u6765\u8bc9\u8bbc\u548c\u6297\u8fa9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u539f\u5219\u201d\u5411\u201c\u7406\u6027\u539f\u5219\u201d\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u6b66\u65ad\u5230\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u6cd5\u7cfb\uff08common law\uff09\u3002\u4e60\u60ef\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u77eb\u6b63\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u53ea\u6709\u5be5\u5be5\u6570\u8bed\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u624d\u9010\u6e10\u628a\u5784\u65ad\u7f6a\u540d\u660e\u786e\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6cd5\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f6a\u540d\u53c8\u5f00\u59cb\u53d8\u5f97\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u8981\u5f15\u8fdb\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5145\u5206\u91cd\u89c6\u4e60\u60ef\u6cd5\u7cfb\u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u91cd\u89c6\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u53ea\u662f\u642c\u5b57\u8fc7\u7eb8\uff0c\u628a\u4e2a\u522b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u56fa\u5316\uff0c\u6539\u5199\u6210\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\uff08statute law\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8349\u62df\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u4e0d\u5e94\u62b1\u6709\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u8005\u624d\u62b1\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u8d1f\uff0c\u8f7b\u6613\u52a8\u7528\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u539f\u5219\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a rel=\"bookmark\" href=\"http:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/?p=146\" title=\"Permanent Link to \u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6df1\u6e5b\u548c\u56f0\u96be\"><font color=\"#0b6d90\"><strong>\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6df1\u6e5b\u548c\u56f0\u96be<\/strong><\/font><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"bookmark\" href=\"http:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/?p=273\" title=\"Permanent Link to \u5927\u7684\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7f8e\u7684\"><font color=\"#0b6d90\"><strong>\u5927\u7684\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7f8e\u7684<\/strong><\/font><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"bookmark\" href=\"http:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/?p=298\" title=\"Permanent Link to \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed9\u96f6\u552e\u4ef7\u8bbe\u4e0b\u9650\"><font color=\"#0b6d90\"><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed9\u96f6\u552e\u4ef7\u8bbe\u4e0b\u9650<\/strong><\/font><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u8981\u5f15\u8fdb\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u89c6\u4e60\u60ef\u6cd5\u7cfb\u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u53ea\u662f\u642c\u5b57\u8fc7\u7eb8\uff0c\u628a\u4e2a\u522b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,5],"tags":[53],"class_list":["post-263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-marketgovn","category-competition","tag-53"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=263"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuezhaofeng.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}